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Viewing questions 196-210 out of questions

Questions # 196:

A company runs a web application on AWS. The web application delivers static content from an Amazon S3 bucket that is behind an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The application serves dynamic content by using an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that distributes requests to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. The application uses a domain name setup in Amazon Route 53.

Some users reported occasional issues when the users attempted to access the website during peak hours. An operations team found that the ALB sometimes returned HTTP 503 Service Unavailable errors. The company wants to display a custom error message page when these errors occur. The page should be displayed immediately for this error code.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Set up a Route 53 failover routing policy. Configure a health check to determine the status of the ALB endpoint and to fail over to the failover S3 bucket endpoint.

Create a second CloudFront distribution and an S3 static website to host the custom error page. Set up a Route 53 failover routing policy. Use an active-passive configuration between the two distributions.

Create a CloudFront origin group that has two origins. Set the ALB endpoint as the primary origin. For the secondary origin, set an S3 bucket that is configured to host a static website Set up origin failover for the CloudFront distribution. Update the S3 static website to incorporate the custom error page.

Create a CloudFront function that validates each HTTP response code that the ALB returns. Create an S3 static website in an S3 bucket. Upload the custom error page to the S3 bucket as a failover. Update the function to read the S3 bucket and to serve the error page to the end users.

Questions # 197:

A company runs a web-crawling process on a list of target URLs to obtain training documents for machine learning (ML) training algorithms. A fleet of Amazon EC2 t2.micro instances pulls the target URLs from an Amazon SQS queue. The instances write the result of the crawling algorithm as a CSV file to an Amazon EFS volume. The EFS volume is mounted on all instances in the fleet.

A second system occasionally adds the URLs to the SQS queue. The EC2 instances crawl each new URL in 10 seconds or less.

Metrics indicate that some instances are idle when no URLs are in the SQS queue. A solutions architect needs to redesign the architecture to optimize costs.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use m5.8xlarge instances instead of t2.micro instances for the web-crawling process. Reduce the number of instances in the fleet by 50%.

Use an AWS Lambda function to run the web-crawling process. Configure the Lambda function to pull URLs from the SQS queue.

Modify the web-crawling process to store results in Amazon Neptune.

Modify the web-crawling process to store results in an Amazon Aurora Serverless MySQL instance.

Modify the web-crawling process to store results in Amazon S3.

Answer

B, E

Explanation

The current architecture uses a fleet of small EC2 instances that poll SQS for URLs and write results to EFS. Because URLs arrive only occasionally and each crawl takes 10 seconds or less, EC2 instances are often idle waiting for messages. This leads to unnecessary compute and storage costs.

This workload is naturally event-driven: each URL in the SQS queue triggers a short-lived crawl operation. AWS Lambda is well suited for such event-driven, short-duration tasks. Lambda integrates natively with Amazon SQS as an event source, which allows Lambda to poll the SQS queue automatically and invoke functions when messages arrive, scaling the concurrency up and down as needed. When there are no messages, there are no Lambda invocations and no compute charges, eliminating the cost of idle EC2 instances.

For storage of crawl results, Amazon S3 is a highly durable, cost-effective object store. The current use of an EFS file system mounted on all instances is no longer necessary if each Lambda invocation can write the output directly to S3 as objects (for example, CSV files). S3 charges only for the storage used and requests, and does not require continuously running file system infrastructure.

Option B replaces the idle fleet of EC2 instances with a Lambda function that reads from SQS. This aligns compute usage with actual work and takes advantage of serverless scaling and pricing.

Option E modifies the web-crawling process to store results in Amazon S3 instead of EFS, removing the need to maintain an EFS file system and its associated costs.

Option A increases instance size to m5.8xlarge, which greatly increases capacity and cost. Reducing the number of instances by 50% does not offset the large increase in instance size; it does not address idle capacity and likely increases overall cost.

Option C uses Amazon Neptune, which is a managed graph database service. It is not needed for storing simple CSV output; it is more complex and more expensive than S3 for this use case.

Option D uses Aurora Serverless MySQL. While Aurora Serverless can automatically scale, using a relational database to store simple crawl outputs adds unnecessary cost and operational complexity compared to S3 objects.

Therefore, moving the crawling logic to Lambda triggered by SQS (option B) and writing results directly to Amazon S3 (option E) meets the requirements in the most cost-effective way.

[References:AWS documentation on using Amazon SQS as an event source for AWS Lambda for event-driven processing.AWS documentation on Amazon S3 for durable, low-cost object storage for analytical and application data.]

Questions # 198:

A company needs to aggregate Amazon CloudWatch logs from its AWS accounts into one central logging account. The collected logs must remain in the AWS Region of creation. The central logging account will then process the logs, normalize the logs into standard output format, and stream the output logs to a security tool for more processing.

A solutions architect must design a solution that can handle a large volume of logging data that needs to be ingested. Less logging will occur outside normal business hours than during normal business hours. The logging solution must scale with the anticipated load. The solutions architect has decided to use an AWS Control Tower design to handle the multi-account logging process.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a destination Amazon Kinesis data stream in the central logging account.

Create a destination Amazon SQS queue in the central logging account.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a subscription filter for each log group to send data to the Kinesis data stream.

Create an IAM role that grants Amazon CloudWatch Logs the permission to add data to the Amazon SQS queue. Create a trust policy. Specify the trust policy in the IAM role. In each member account, create a single subscription filter for all log groups to send data to the SQS queue.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the central logging account and to write the logs to the security tool.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to normalize the logs in the member accounts and to write the logs to the security tool.

Questions # 199:

A company with global offices has a single 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to a single AWS Region. The company's on-premises network uses the connection to communicate with the company's resources in the AWS Cloud. The connection has a single private virtual interface that connects to a single VPC.

A solutions architect must implement a solution that adds a redundant Direct Connect connection in the same Region. The solution also must provide connectivity to other Regions through the same pair of Direct Connect connections as the company expands into other Regions.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interlace on each connection, and connect both private victual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC.

Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new private virtual interface to the single VPC.

Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new public virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new public virtual interface to the single VPC.

Provision a transit gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the transit gateway. Associate the transit gateway with the single VPC.

Questions # 200:

A company has several AWS Lambda functions written in Python. The functions are deployed with the .zip package deployment type. The functions use a Lambda layer that contains common libraries and packages in a .zip file. The Lambda .zip packages and the Lambda layer .zip file are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The company must implement automatic scanning of the Lambda functions and the Lambda layer to identify CVEs. A subset of the Lambda functions must receive automated code scans to detect potential data leaks and other vulnerabilities. The code scans must occur only for selected Lambda functions, not all the Lambda functions.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Activate Amazon Inspector. Start automated CVE scans.

Activate Lambda standard scanning and Lambda code scanning in Amazon Inspector.

Enable Amazon GuardDuty. Enable the Lambda Protection feature in GuardDuty.

Enable scanning in the Monitor settings of the Lambda functions that need code scans.

Tag Lambda functions that do not need code scans. In the tag, include a key of InspectorCodeExclusion and a value of LambdaCodeScanning.

Use Amazon Inspector to scan the S3 bucket that contains the Lambda .zip packages and the Lambda layer .zip file for code scans.

Answer

B, D, E

Questions # 201:

A company has several AWS accounts. A development team is building an automation framework for cloud governance and remediation processes. The automation framework uses AWS Lambda functions in a centralized account. A solutions architect must implement a least privilege permissions policy that allows the Lambda functions to run in each of the company's AWS accounts.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

In the centralized account, create an IAM role that has the Lambda service as a trusted entity. Add an inline policy to assume the roles of the other AWS accounts.

In the other AWS accounts, create an IAM role that has minimal permissions. Add the centralized account's Lambda IAM role as a trusted entity.

In the centralized account, create an IAM role that has roles of the other accounts as trusted entities. Provide minimal permissions.

In the other AWS accounts, create an IAM role that has permissions to assume the role of the centralized account. Add the Lambda service as a trusted entity.

In the other AWS accounts, create an IAM role that has minimal permissions. Add the Lambda service as a trusted entity.

Questions # 202:

A company has a legacy application that runs on multiple .NET Framework components. The components share the same Microsoft SQL Server database and

communicate with each other asynchronously by using Microsoft Message Queueing (MSMQ).

The company is starting a migration to containerized .NET Core components and wants to refactor the application to run on AWS. The .NET Core components require complex orchestration. The company must have full control over networking and host configuration. The application's database model is strongly relational.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Host the .NET Core components on AWS App Runner. Host the database on Amazon RDS for SQL Server. Use Amazon EventBridge for asynchronous messaging.

Host the .NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the AWS Fargate launch type. Host the database on Amazon DynamoDB. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) for asynchronous messaging.

Host the .NET Core components on AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Host the database on Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) for asynchronous messaging.

Host the .NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Amazon EC2 launch type. Host the database on Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for asynchronous messaging.

Questions # 203:

A company wants to refactor its retail ordering web application that currently has a load-balanced Amazon EC2 instance fleet for web hosting, database API services, and business logic. The company needs to create a decoupled, scalable architecture with a mechanism for retaining failed orders while also minimizing operational costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) for business logic with Amazon SQS long polling for retaining failed orders.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon MQ for order queuing. Use AWS Step Functionsfor business logic with Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive for retaining failed orders.

Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use AWS Lambda for business logic with an Amazon SQS dead-letter queue for retaining failed orders.

Use Amazon Lightsail for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) for order queuing. UseAmazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) for business logic with Amazon OpenSearch Service for retaining failed orders.

Questions # 204:

A company has separate AWS accounts for each of its departments. The accounts are in OUs that are in an organization in AWS Organizations. The IT department manages a private certificate authority (CA) by using AWS Private Certificate Authority in its account.

The company needs a solution to allow developer teams in the other departmental accounts to access the private CA to issue certificates for their applications. The solution must maintain appropriate security boundaries between accounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function in the IT account. Program the Lambda function to use the AWS Private CA API to export and import a private CA certificate to each department account. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke the Lambda function on a schedule.

Create an IAM identity-based policy that allows cross-account access to AWS Private CA. In the IT account, attach this policy to the private CA. Grant access to AWS Private CA by using the AWS Private CA API.

In the organization's management account, create an AWS CloudFormation stack to set up a resource-based delegation policy.

Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) in the IT account to enable sharing in the organization. Create a resource share. Add the private CA resource to the resource share. Grant the department OUs access to the shared CA.

Questions # 205:

A company needs to establish a connection from its on-premises data center to AWS. The company needs to connect all of its VPCs that are located in different AWS Regions with transitive routing capabilities between VPC networks. The company also must reduce network outbound traffic costs, increase bandwidth throughput, and provide a consistent network experience for end users.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises data center and a new central VPC. Create VPC peering connections that initiate from the central VPC to all other VPCs.

Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS. Provision a transit VIF, and connect it to a Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to all the other VPCs by using a transit gateway in each Region.

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises data centerand a new central VPC. Use a transit gateway with dynamic routing. Connect the transit gateway to all other VPCs.

Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS Establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between all VPCs in each Region. Create VPC peering connections that initiate from the central VPC to all other VPCs.

Questions # 206:

IoT sensors are manufactured with certificates from a private CA. They must only connect to AWS after physical installation.

Options:

Use Lambda as apre-provisioning hookto validate serial number before registration.

Use Step Functions to validate before provisioning.

Use Lambda hook but register CA and enable auto-registration.

Use provisioning template and claim certificates without validation.

Questions # 207:

A company is building an application on Amazon EMR to analyze data. The following user groups need to perform different actions:

• Administrator: Provision EMR clusters from different configurations.

• Data engineer: Create an EMR cluster from a small set of available configurations. Run ETL scripts to process data.

• Data analyst: Create an EMR cluster with a specific configuration. Run SQL queries and Apache Hive queries on the data.

A solutions architect must design a solution that gives each group the ability to launch only its authorized EMR configurations. The solution must provide the groups with least privilege access to only the resources that they need. The solution also must provide tagging for all resources that the groups create.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Service Catalog to control the Amazon EMR versions available for deployment, the cluster configurations, and the permissions for each user group.

Configure Kerberos-based authentication for EMR clusters when the EMR clusters launch. Specify a Kerberos security configuration and cluster-specific Kerberos options.

Create IAM roles for each user group. Attach policies to the roles to define allowed actions for users. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the company to address noncompliant resources.

Use AWS CloudFormation to launch EMR clusters with attached resource policies. Create an AWS Config rule to check for noncompliant resources. Configure the rule to notify the company to address noncompliant resources.

Questions # 208:

Question:

A company hosts an ecommerce site using EC2, ALB, and DynamoDB in one AWS Region. The site uses a custom domain in Route 53. The company wants toreplicate the stack to a second Regionfordisaster recoveryandfaster accessfor global customers.

What should the architect do?

Options:

Use CloudFormation to deploy to the second Region. Use Route 53 latency-based routing. Enable global tables in DynamoDB.

Use the console to recreate the infra manually in the second Region. Use weighted routing.

Replicate only the S3 and DynamoDB data. Use Route 53 failover routing.

Use Beanstalk and DynamoDB Streams for replication. Use latency-based routing.

Questions # 209:

A company provides a software as a service (SaaS) application that runs in the AWS Cloud. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network LoadBalancer (NLB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group and are distributed across three Availability Zones in a single AWS Region.

The company is deploying the application into additional Regions. The company must provide static IP addresses for the application to customers so that the customers can add the IP addresses to allow lists.

The solution must automatically route customers to the Region that is geographically closest to them.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Create a CloudFront origin group. Add the NLB for each additional Region to the origin group. Provide customers with the IP address ranges of the distribution's edge locations.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator standard accelerator. Create a standard accelerator endpoint for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the Global Accelerator IP address.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Create a custom origin for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the IP address ranges of the distribution's edge locations.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator custom routing accelerator. Create a listener for the custom routing accelerator. Add the IP address and ports for the NLB in each additional Region. Provide customers with the Global Accelerator IP address.

Questions # 210:

A company recently started hosting new application workloads in the AWS Cloud. The company is using Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file systems, and Amazon RDS DB instances.

To meet regulatory and business requirements, the company must make the following changes for data backups:

* Backups must be retained based on custom daily, weekly, and monthlyrequirements.

* Backups must be replicated to at least one other AWS Region immediately after capture.

* The backup solution must provide a single source of backup status across the AWS environment.

* The backup solution must send immediate notifications upon failure of any resource backup.

Which combination of steps will meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of operational overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an AWS Backup plan with a backup rule for each of the retention requirements.

Configure an AWS backup plan to copy backups to another Region.

Create an AWS Lambda function to replicate backups to another Region and send notification if a failure occurs.

Add an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to the backup plan to send a notification for finished jobs that have any status except BACKUP- JOB- COMPLETED.

Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) snapshot lifecycle policy for each of the retention requirements.

Set up RDS snapshots on each database.

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Viewing questions 196-210 out of questions