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Questions # 16:

A company runs an application on AWS. The company curates data from several different sources. The company uses proprietary algorithms to perform data transformations and aggregations. After the company performs E TL processes, the company stores the results in Amazon Redshift tables. The company sells this data to other companies. The company downloads the data as files from the Amazon Redshift tables and transmits the files to several data customers by using FTP. The number of data customers has grown significantly. Management of the data customers has become difficult.

The company will use AWS Data Exchange to create a data product that the company can use to share data with customers. The company wants to confirm the identities of the customers before the company shares data. The customers also need access to the most recent data when the company publishes the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

Download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically. Use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

Publish the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange. Require the customers to subscribe to the data product in AWS Data Exchange. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, attach 1AM resource-based policies to the Amazon Redshift tables to allow access only to verified AWS accounts.

Answer

Explanation

The company should download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically and use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. The company should configure subscription verification and require the data customers to subscribe to the data product. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because AWS Data Exchange for S3 is a feature that enables data subscribers to access third-party data files directly from data providers’ Amazon S3 buckets. Subscribers can easily use these files for their data analysis with AWS services without needing to create or manage data copies. Data providers can easily set up AWS Data Exchange for S3 on top of their existing S3 buckets to share direct access to an entire S3 bucket or specific prefixes and S3 objects. AWS Data Exchange automatically manages subscriptions, entitlements, billing, and payment1.

The other options are not correct because:

Using AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers would not work because AWS Data Exchange for APIs is a feature that enables data subscribers to access third-party APIs directly from data providers’ AWS accounts. Subscribers can easily use these APIs for their data analysis with AWS services without needing to manage API keys or tokens. Data providers can easily set up AWS Data Exchangefor APIs on top of their existing API Gateway resources to share direct access to an entire API or specific routes and stages2. However, this feature is not suitable for sharing data from Amazon Redshift tables, which are not exposed as APIs.

Creating an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift would not work because the Data API is a feature that enables you to query your Amazon Redshift cluster using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection or a SQL client3. It is useful for building applications that interact with Amazon Redshift, but not for sharing data files with customers.

Creating an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster would not work because AWS Data Exchange does not support datashares for Amazon Redshift clusters. A datashare is a feature that enables you to share live and secure access to your Amazon Redshift data across your accounts or with third parties without copying or moving the underlying data4. It is useful for sharing query results and views with other users, but not for sharing data files with customers.

Publishing the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange would not work because Open Data on AWS Data Exchange is a feature that enables you to find and use free and public datasets from AWS customers and partners. It is useful for accessing open and free data, but not for confirming the identities of the customers or charging them for the data.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/why-aws-data-exchange/s3/, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/why-aws-data-exchange/api/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/data-api.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/datashare-overview.html, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/open-data/, , , , , ]

Questions # 17:

A large education company recently introduced Amazon Workspaces to provide access to internal applications across multiple universities. The company is storing user profiles on an Amazon FSx (or Windows File Server file system. The tile system is configured with a DNS alias and is connected to a self-managed Active Directory. As more users begin to use the Workspaces, login time increases to unacceptable levels.

An investigation reveals a degradation in performance of the file system. The company created the file system on HDD storage with a throughput of 16 MBps. A solutions architect must improve the performance of the file system during a defined maintenance window.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative effort?

Options:

Use AWS Backup to create a point-ln-lime backup of the file system. Restore the backup to a new FSx for Windows File Server file system. Select SSD as the storage type Select 32 MBps as the throughput capacity. When the backup and restore process Is completed, adjust the DNS alias accordingly. Delete the original file system.

Disconnect users from the file system. In the Amazon FSx console, update the throughput capacity to 32 MBps. Update the storage type to SSD. Reconnect users to the file system.

Deploy an AWS DataSync agent onto a new Amazon EC2 Instance. Create a task. Configure the existing file system as the source location. Configure a new FSx for Windows File Server file system with SSD storage and 32 MBps of throughput as the target location. Schedule the task. When the task is completed, adjust the DNS alias accordingly. Delete the original file system.

Enable shadow copies on the existing file system by using a Windows PowerShell command. Schedule the shadow copy job to create a point-in-time backup of the file system. Choose to restore previous versions. Create a new FSx for Windows File Server file system with SSD storage and 32 MBps of throughput. When the copy job is completed, adjust the DNS alias. Delete the original file system.

Questions # 18:

A company hosts a VPN in an on-premises data center. Employees currently connect to the VPN to access files in their Windows home directories. Recently, there has been a large growth in the number of employees who work remotely. As a result, bandwidth usage for connections into the data center has begun to reach 100% during business hours.

The company must design a solution on AWS that will support the growth of the company's remote workforce, reduce the bandwidth usage for connections into the data center, and reduce operational overhead.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an AWS Storage Gateway Volume Gateway. Mount a volume from the Volume Gateway to the on-premises file server.

Migrate the home directories to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.

Migrate the home directories to Amazon FSx for Lustre.

Migrate remote users to AWS Client VPN

Create an AWS Direct Connect connection from the on-premises data center to AWS.

Questions # 19:

A company runs an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in private subnets behind an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. An AWS WAF web ACL that contains various AWS managed rules is associated with the CloudFront distribution.

The company needs a solution that will prevent internet traffic from directly accessing the ALB.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new web ACL that contains the same rules that the existing web ACL contains. Associate the new web ACL with the ALB.

Associate the existing web ACL with the ALB.

Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow traffic from the AWS managed prefix list for CloudFront only.

Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow only the various CloudFront IP address ranges.

Questions # 20:

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. For security purposes, the company requires the creation of an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that enables integration with a third-party alerting system in all the Organizations member accounts.

A solutions architect used an AWS CloudFormation template to create the SNS topic and stack sets to automate the deployment of Cloud Formation stacks. Trustedaccess has been enabled in Organizations.

What should the solutions architect do to deploy the CloudFormation StackSets in all AWS accounts?

Options:

Create a stack set in the Organizations member accounts. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to an organization. Use CloudFormation StackSets drift detection.

Create stacks in the Organizations member accounts. Use self-service permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to an organization. Enable the CloudFormation StackSets automatic deployment.

Create a stack set in the Organizations management account. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to the organization. Enable CloudFormation StackSets automatic deployment.

Create stacks in the Organizations management account. Use service-managed permissions. Set deployment options to deploy to the organization. Enable CloudFormation StackSets drift detection.

Questions # 21:

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage the company's AWS accounts. The company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy all infrastructure. A finance team wants to buikJ a chargeback model The finance team asked each business unit to tag resources by using a predefined list of project values.

When the finance team used the AWS Cost and Usage Report in AWS Cost Explorer and filtered based on project, the team noticed noncompliant project values. The company wants to enforce the use of project tags for new resources.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

Options:

Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in the organization's management account. Create an SCP that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Attach the SCP to each OU.

Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in each OU. Create an SCP that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Attach the SCP to each OU.

Create a tag policy that contains the allowed project tag values in the AWS management account. Create an 1AM policy that denies the cloudformation:CreateStack API operation unless a project tag is added. Assign the policy to each user.

Use AWS Service Catalog to manage the CloudFoanation stacks as products. Use a TagOptions library to control project tag values. Share the portfolio with all OUs that are in the organization.

Questions # 22:

A company runs a web application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. End users experience slow application performance during times of peak usage, when CPU utilization is consistently more than 95%.

A user data script installs required custom packages on the EC2 instance. The process of launchingthe instance takes several minutes.

The company is creating an Auto Scaling group that has mixed instance groups, varied CPUs, and a maximum capacity limit. The Auto Scaling group will use a launch template for various configuration options. The company needs to decrease application latency when new instances are launched during auto scaling.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use a predictive scaling policy. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

Use a predictive scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script.

Questions # 23:

A company is running a serverless application that consists of several AWS Lambda functions and Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company has created new functionality that requires the Lambda functions to access an Amazon Neptune DB cluster. The Neptune DB cluster is located in three subnets in a VPC.

Which of the possible solutions will allow the Lambda functions to access the Neptune DB cluster and DynamoDB tables? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create three public subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route traffic through an internet gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new public subnets.

Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route internet traffic through a NAT gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new private subnets.

Host the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Update the Neptune security group to allow access from the IP ranges of the Lambda functions.

Host the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Create a VPC endpoint for the Neptune database, and have the Lambda functions access Neptune over the VPC endpoint.

Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC. Host the Lambda functions in the three new isolated subnets. Create a VPC endpoint for DynamoDB, and route DynamoDB traffic to the VPC endpoint.

Questions # 24:

Question:

A company hosts an application that uses several Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). During the initial startup of the EC2 instances, the EC2 instances run user data scripts to download critical content for the application from an Amazon S3 bucket.

The EC2 instances are launching correctly. However, after a period of time, the EC2 instances are terminated with the following error message:

“An instance was taken out of service in response to an ELB system health check failure.”

The only recent change to the deployment is that the company added a large amount of critical content to the S3 bucket.

What should a solutions architect do so that the production environment can deploy successfully?

Options:

Increase the size of the EC2 instances.

Increase the health check timeout for the ALB.

Change the health check path for the ALB.

Increase the health check grace period for the Auto Scaling group.

Questions # 25:

Question:

A company needs to copy backups of 40 RDS for MySQL databases from a production account to a central backup account within AWS Organizations. The databases usedefault AWS-managed KMS encryption keys. The backups must be stored in aWORM (Write Once Read Many)backup account.

What is the correct approach to enable cross-account backup?

Options:

Restore the databases with customer-managed KMS keys and use AWS Backup with cross-account vault sharing.

Share the default KMS keys with the central account and create backup vaults in the central account.

Use a Lambda function to decrypt and copy the snapshots to the central account.

Use a Lambda function to share and re-encrypt snapshots across accounts using the default KMS key.

Questions # 26:

A company hosts its primary API on AWS using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda functions. Internal applications and external customers use this API. Some customers also use a legacy API hosted on a standalone EC2 instance.

The company wants to increase security across all APIs to prevent denial of service (DoS) attacks, check for vulnerabilities, and guard against common exploits.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS WAF to protect both APIs. Configure Amazon Inspector to analyze the legacy API. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to monitor for malicious attempts to access the APIs.

Use AWS WAF to protect the API Gateway API. Configure Amazon Inspector to analyze both APIs. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to block malicious attempts.

Use AWS WAF to protect the API Gateway API. Configure Amazon Inspector to analyze the legacy API. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to monitor for malicious attempts to access the APIs.

Use AWS WAF to protect the API Gateway API. Configure Amazon Inspector to protect the legacy API. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to block malicious attempts.

Questions # 27:

A company runs an unauthenticated static website (www.example.com) that includes a registration form for users. The website uses Amazon S3 for hosting and uses Amazon CloudFront as the content delivery network with AWS WAF configured. When the registration form is submitted, the website calls an Amazon API Gateway API endpoint that invokes an AWS Lambda function to process the payload and forward the payload to an external API call.

During testing, a solutions architect encounters a cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) error. The solutions architect confirms that the CloudFront distribution origin has the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set towww.example.com.

What should the solutions architect do to resolve the error?

Options:

Change the CORS configuration on the S3 bucket. Add rules for CORS to the Allowed Origin element forwww.example.com.

Enable the CORS setting in AWS WAF. Create a web ACL rule in which the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is set towww.example.com.

Enable the CORS setting on the API Gateway API endpoint. Ensure that the API endpoint is configured to return all responses that have the Access-Control -Allow-Origin header set towww.example.com.

Enable the CORS setting on the Lambda function. Ensure that the return code of the function has the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set towww.example.com.

Questions # 28:

A car rental company has built a serverless REST API to provide data to its mobile app. The app consists of an Amazon API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint, AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless DB cluster. The company recently opened the API to mobile apps of partners. A significant increase in the number of requests resulted, causing sporadic database memory errors. Analysis of the API traffic indicates that clients are making multiple HTTP GET requests for the same queries in a short period of time. Traffic is concentrated during business hours, with spikes around holidays and other events.

The company needs to improve its ability to support the additional usage while minimizing the increase in costs associated with the solution.

Which strategy meets these requirements?

Options:

Convert the API Gateway Regional endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint. Enable caching in the production stage.

Implement an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cache to store the results of the database calls. Modify the Lambda functions to use the cache.

Modify the Aurora Serverless DB cluster configuration to increase the maximum amount of available memory.

Enable throttling in the API Gateway production stage. Set the rate and burst values to limit the incoming calls.

Questions # 29:

A company has multiple AWS accounts. The company recently had a security audit that revealed many unencrypted Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes attached to Amazon EC2 instances.

A solutions architect must encrypt the unencrypted volumes and ensure that unencrypted volumes will be detected automatically in the future. Additionally, the company wants a solution that can centrally manage multiple AWS accounts with a focus on compliance and security.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Set up AWS Control Tower, and turn on the strongly recommended guardrails. Join all accounts to the organization. Categorize the AWS accounts into OUs.

Use the AWS CLI to list all the unencrypted volumes in all the AWS accounts. Run a script to encrypt all the unencrypted volumes in place.

Create a snapshot of each unencrypted volume. Create a new encrypted volume from the unencrypted snapshot. Detach the existing volume, and replace it with the encrypted volume.

Create an organization in AWS Organizations. Set up AWS Control Tower, and turn on the mandatory guardrails. Join all accounts to the organization. Categorize the AWS accounts into OUs.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail. Configure an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to detect and automatically encrypt unencrypted volumes.

Questions # 30:

A company is running a workload that consists of thousands of Amazon EC2 instances. The workload is running in a VPC that contains several public subnets and private subnets. The public subnets have a route for 0.0.0.0/0 to an existing internet gateway. The private subnets have a route for 0.0.0.0/0 to an existing NAT gateway.

A solutions architect needs to migrate the entire fleet of EC2 instances to use IPv6. The EC2 instances that are in private subnets must not be accessible from the public internet.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Update the existing VPC, and associate a custom IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Update all the VPC route tables, and add a route for ::/0 to the internet gateway.

Update the existing VPC, and associate an Amazon-provided IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the NAT gateway.

Update the existing VPC, and associate an Amazon-provided IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Create an egress-only internet gateway. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the egress-only internet gateway.

Update the existing VPC, and associate a custom IPv6 CIDR block with the VPC and all subnets. Create a new NAT gateway, and enable IPv6 support. Update the VPC route tables for all private subnets, and add a route for ::/0 to the IPv6-enabled NAT gateway.

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