Pass the Cisco CCNP Service Provider 300-540 Questions and answers with Dumpstech

Cisco Umbrella DNS-layer security:

Blocks malicious domains used inphishing,malware,C2 communications, andransomware

Stops threatsbeforeconnections are made

Uses DNS-based filtering and threat intelligence

It doesnotmitigate:

DDoS (needs scrubbing centers)

Brute force login attempts

Zero-day exploits directly

Thus,Ais correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Cisco SP Core Optimization Knowledge

Cisco IOS supportsBGP Multipathfor installing multiple equal-cost BGP routes (both iBGP and eBGP) into the routing table. The correct global BGP command syntax to set the number of allowable parallel BGP paths is:

maximum-paths

For BGP specifically, the form is:

maximum-paths bgp

This enables the router to install up to the specified number of equal-cost BGP routes (iBGP and eBGP) into the RIB and then potentially into the FIB.

Setting:

maximum-paths bgp 6

allowssixparallel ECMP paths learned via BGP—this matches the requirement in the question.

Why the other options are incorrect

B. multipath eibgp 6Not a valid Cisco IOS command.

C. maximum paths bgp routers 6Invalid syntax.

D. maximum-paths eibgp 6The correct keyword isbgp, noteibgp.Cisco does not use “eibgp” in this context; IOS supports BGP multipath across iBGP/eBGP automatically when configured under maximum-paths bgp.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract from my knowledge of Designing and Implementing Cisco Service Provider Cloud Network Infrastructure Outlines without Any External URL or Links:

Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud is Cisco’s as-a-service consumption model that offers pay-as-you-go infrastructure. For ahybrid workplace, the focus is on giving users secure desktop environments from anywhere, with the ability torapidly deployandscale up or downbased on the number of users or partners.

Cisco+Hybrid Cloud for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)specifically delivers desktop and app workspaces as an on-demand service. It allows partners to consume desktops elastically, paying for capacity as needed and scaling the underlying compute, storage, and networking without rebuilding the environment.

Bare Metal Compute and Virtualization offers flexible infrastructure but are aimed at app/workload hosting rather than user desktop workspaces.

Service Provider Networking addresses network services, not end-user hybrid workplace desktops.Therefore, for a pay-as-you-go, rapidly deployable, elastic solution in a hybrid workplace,Cisco+ Hybrid Cloud for Virtual Desktop Infrastructureis the correct choice.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

Cisco NFVIS logging levels (from lowest to highest):

critical

error

warning

info

debug←highest verbosity

To capture maximum diagnostic detail, engineers must enabledebuglogging on theoperational log type, which records system activity and runtime behavior.

Thus the correct command is:

system set-log logtype operational level debug

This provides the deepest troubleshooting visibility.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation Based on Designing and Implementing Cisco Service Provider Cloud Network Infrastructure Knowledge

When connectingcarrier-neutral facilities (CNFs)ordata centerswithin the same metropolitan area, service providers typically usehigh-bandwidth, low-latency optical transport methods. The most appropriate and commonly deployed interconnection technology is:

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ring, which provides:

High capacity (10G, 40G, 100G, 400G)

Low latency

Redundancy through ring or mesh topologies

Multi-wavelength multiplexing for cost efficiency

Carrier-grade reliability for metro interconnect services

This aligns with cloud interconnect and metro transport design used in service provider environments.

Evaluation of the Options

A. OSPF backbone area adjacency

This is a routing protocol adjacency, not a physical connection method. It requires a transport link underneath but does not represent the physical interconnect itself.

B. Private wireless connection

Not suitable for CNF or metro DC interconnect because it lacks the bandwidth, reliability, and deterministic performance required for large-scale carrier-grade interconnects.

C. DWDM ring

This is the correct method. DWDM-based metro fiber rings are the standard for connecting carrier-neutral facilities in the same metro region.

D. CAT6e connection

This is limited to short-distance copper Ethernet (tens of meters). It is not used for metro-scale interconnects or between CNFs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

SNMP traps in Cisco NFVIS (and in SNMP generally):

Areunsolicited notifications

Sent from the NFVIS deviceto the SNMP manager

Indicate alarms, changes, or significant operational events

Donotrequire polling

Examples:

Disk failures

VM crashes

Host status changes

Resource alarms

Why the others are wrong:

Adescribes SNMP monitoring (done by the manager with GET requests)

BSNMP cannotcontrolhost activities

DSNMP GET retrieves a variable, but traps sendunsolicitednotifications

Thus, the correct answer isC.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Cisco NFVI / Virtualization Knowledge)

SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization)allows a VM to access the network interface hardwaredirectly, without going through the hypervisor’s virtual switch.

This is achieved by:

Assigning Virtual Functions (VFs) directly to VMs

Allowing high-performance, low-latency packet I/O

Bypassing the hypervisor datapath

Therefore, SR-IOV doesnotbypass the guest OS; it bypasses thehypervisor I/O virtualization layer, delivering near-native performance.

Thus the correct answer isC.

In Cisco data center and cloud-scale designs, adouble-sided vPC(also called vPC-to-vPC) is used when both ends of a Layer 2 port channel are formed by a pair of switches that operate as vPC peers. In this model:

On the aggregation or leaf side, two switches (in this case,LEAF1 and LEAF2) form a vPC domain with a vPC peer-link and keepalive.

On the access or ToR side, two switches (in this case,TOR1 and TOR2) must also form their ownvPC domainwith a peer-link and vPC keepalive.

The port-channel that interconnects the two vPC domains is then configured as a vPC on both sides, creating a vPC-to-vPC topology.

The problem statement specifies thatLEAF1 and LEAF2 are already configured as vPC peers. For a double-sided vPC to work, the other side (TOR1 and TOR2) must also behave as a single logical entity for the downstream Cisco UCS server and for the upstream vPC connection towards LEAF1 and LEAF2. This is only achieved when TOR1 and TOR2 are configured as vPC peers with:

A vPC domain ID

A vPC peer-link between TOR1 and TOR2

vPC member port-channels towards LEAF1 and LEAF2 and towards the Cisco UCS server

Therefore, the next required step is to configure avPC between TOR1 and TOR2.

Evaluation of the options:

Option A, “Add all the switches to the fabric,” is generic and not specific to vPC configuration. It does not address the technical requirement to form a vPC domain on the ToR side.

Option B, “Configure peering between LEAF1 and LEAF2 and TOR1 and TOR2,” is incorrect because vPC peering is only configured between the two switches that form each vPC domain (LEAF1–LEAF2 and TOR1–TOR2), not across all four switches together.

Option C, “Configure MSTP between TOR1 and TOR2,” is not required for establishing a double-sided vPC. vPC designs rely on the vPC control plane and the peer-link, not on spanning-tree between the vPC peers for normal operation.

Option D, “Configure a vPC between TOR1 and TOR2,” correctly describes configuring TOR1 and TOR2 as a vPC pair (vPC domain with peer-link), which is the mandatory step to create a double-sided vPC topology with LEAF1 and LEAF2.

InCisco Enterprise NFVIS, time synchronization is configured using thesystem time ntpcommand structure. NFVIS requires a primary and optionally a backup NTP server to maintain accurate system time for the hypervisor and guest VMs.

Correct NFVIS command syntax for NTP configuration:

system time ntp preferred_server This command configures thepreferred (primary)NTP server used for system clock synchronization.

system time ntp backup_server This command configures thebackupNTP server, which the system uses if the primary becomes unreachable.

These two commands match Cisco NFVIS time-configuration behavior described in NFV infrastructure design and implementation guidelines.

Why the Correct Answers Are A and E

Option A: system time ntp preferred_server 192.168.1.1

This properly configures the primary NTP server in NFVIS. The preferred server is always the first choice for time synchronization.

Option E: system time ntp backup_server 192.168.2.1

This correctly configures the backup NTP server. If the preferred server fails, NFVIS automatically falls back to the backup server.

Both commands directly match NFVIS’s NTP command hierarchy and are the only ones that correctly apply to NFVIS.

Why the Other Options Are Not Correct

Option Buses utils ntp, which is not an NFVIS command.

Option Csets manual time and does not configure NTP servers.

Option Dalso uses the utils ntp syntax, which applies to other Cisco platforms but not NFVIS.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation Based on Designing and Implementing Cisco Service Provider Cloud Network Infrastructure Knowledge

When connectingcarrier-neutral facilities (CNFs)ordata centerswithin the same metropolitan area, service providers typically usehigh-bandwidth, low-latency optical transport methods. The most appropriate and commonly deployed interconnection technology is:

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ring, which provides:

High capacity (10G, 40G, 100G, 400G)

Low latency

Redundancy through ring or mesh topologies

Multi-wavelength multiplexing for cost efficiency

Carrier-grade reliability for metro interconnect services

This aligns with cloud interconnect and metro transport design used in service provider environments.

Evaluation of the Options

A. OSPF backbone area adjacency

This is a routing protocol adjacency, not a physical connection method. It requires a transport link underneath but does not represent the physical interconnect itself.

B. Private wireless connection

Not suitable for CNF or metro DC interconnect because it lacks the bandwidth, reliability, and deterministic performance required for large-scale carrier-grade interconnects.

C. DWDM ring

This is the correct method. DWDM-based metro fiber rings are the standard for connecting carrier-neutral facilities in the same metro region.

D. CAT6e connection

This is limited to short-distance copper Ethernet (tens of meters). It is not used for metro-scale interconnects or between CNFs.