Pass the Cyber AB CMMC CMMC-CCP Questions and answers with Dumpstech

According to the CMMC Scoping Guidance, Level 1, the fundamental definition of an FCI Asset is any asset that performs at least one of three primary functions with Federal Contract Information (FCI). These functions are consistently defined across both Level 1 and Level 2 documentation as Processing, Storing, or Transmitting.

Process: In this scenario, the sales representative is "entering FCI data into various fields." The act of inputting, manipulating, or editing data within an application (the spreadsheet) is the definition of processing.

Store: Because the spreadsheet is on the laptop, the data resides on the laptop's hard drive or memory. This constitutes storing.

Transmit: While the prompt focuses on the data entry, a laptop is an endpoint designed to move data across a network (email, cloud uploads, or server saves). In the context of CMMC scoping, assets that handle protected information are categorized by their capability and role in the data lifecycle, which includes transmitting.

Why other options are incorrect:

Options B and D: These include the word "organize." While organizing data is a task a human performs, it is not a formal technical term used in the CMMC or NIST SP 800-171/FAR 52.204-21 definitions to categorize asset functions.

Option A: This option omits "store." Since the spreadsheet exists on the laptop, storage is a primary function being utilized.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Scoping Guidance, Level 1 (Version 2.0): Section 2.0, which defines FCI Assets as assets that "process, store, or transmit FCI."

FAR 52.204-21 (Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems): The regulatory source for Level 1, which applies to systems that "process, store, or transmit" federal contract information.

CMMC Assessment Guide, Level 1: Introduction and Scoping sections, reinforcing the triad of data handling functions.

The Lead Assessor is responsible for protecting and maintaining all assessment records, notes, and information gathered during the assessment process. This includes working papers and supplemental documentation that may be needed for auditability or dispute resolution.

Supporting Extracts from Official Content:

CAP v2.0, Post-Assessment Responsibilities (§3.17): “The Lead Assessor must ensure that all assessment artifacts, notes, and information are archived or disposed of in accordance with C3PAO policy.”

Why Option A is Correct:

The CAP specifies that notes and information from the assessment must be preserved or disposed of according to policy.

Options B, C, and D list items not required in the CAP. The “letter” and “quality control report” are not part of the Lead Assessor’s required maintained materials.

References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v2.0, Phase 3 Post-Assessment (§3.17).

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The CAP specifies that the C3PAO is responsible for assigning the Lead Assessor to an OSC’s assessment. While the OSC contracts with the C3PAO, the authority to appoint the Lead Assessor resides solely with the C3PAO.

Supporting Extracts from Official Content:

CAP v2.0, Assessment Team Composition (§2.10): “The C3PAO shall designate a qualified Lead Assessor to lead the assessment.”

Why Option B is Correct:

Only the C3PAO has the authority to select and assign the Lead Assessor.

The OSC may influence scheduling and planning but cannot appoint assessors.

Options A, C, and D are inconsistent with CAP requirements.

References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v2.0, Assessment Team Roles and Responsibilities (§2.10).

ACertified Third-Party Assessor Organization (C3PAO)is responsible for conductingCMMC Level 2 Assessments. Before the assessment begins, the C3PAO must develop anAssessment Plan, which includes several key elements.

The part of the plan that captures:

✅Names of interviewees

✅Facilities to be utilized

✅Estimated costs

✅Assessment schedule

falls under the"Identify Resources and Schedule"section of the plan.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:

✅1. Identify Resources and Schedule

This section of theCMMC Assessment Planoutlines:

Thepersonnelinvolved (e.g., interviewees, assessors).

Thelocationswhere the assessment will take place.

Thetimeline and scheduling details.

Theestimated costsassociated with the assessment.

This ensures that all necessaryresourcesare allocated and that the assessment proceeds as planned.

✅2. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(B) Select Assessment Team Members❌

This section focuses onchoosing the assessorswho will conduct the evaluation, not listing interviewees and facilities.

(C) Identify and Manage Assessment Risks❌

This part of the plandocuments risks(e.g., scheduling conflicts, data access issues), but it doesnot outline names, facilities, or costs.

(D) Select and Develop the Evidence Collection Approach❌

This step defineshowevidence will be gathered (e.g., document reviews, interviews, system testing) but doesnot focus on logistics.

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:

TheCMMC Assessment Process Guidestates thatresource identification and schedulingare essential for organizing the assessment. Since this sectioncaptures interviewees, facilities, costs, and the schedule, the correct answer is:

✅A. Identify resources and schedule.

Who Do DoD Contractors Report CUI Breaches To?

PerDFARS 252.204-7012, all DoD contractors handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)must report cyber incidents to theDoD Cyber Crime Center (DC3).

Key Reporting Requirements

✅Cyber incidents involving CUI must be reported toDC3 within 72 hours.

✅Reports must be submitted via theDoD's Cyber Incident Reporting Portal.

✅Contractors mustpreserve forensic evidencefor potential investigation.

Why "DoD Cyber Crime Center" is Correct?

The FBI (Option A) handles criminal investigations, but DoD contractorsmust report cyber incidents to DC3.

NARA (Option B) oversees the CUI Registry, butis not responsible for breach reporting.

The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (Option D) is responsible for intelligence operations, not incident reporting.

Breakdown of Answer Choices

Option

Description

Correct?

A. FBI

❌Incorrect–The FBI handlescriminal cases, not CUI breach reporting.

B. NARA

❌Incorrect–NARA manages theCUI Registry, butdoes not handle breaches.

C. DoD Cyber Crime Center

✅Correct – Per DFARS 252.204-7012, cyber incidents involving CUI must be reported to DC3.

D. Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security

❌Incorrect–This office doesnothandle cyber incident reports.

Official References from CMMC 2.0 and DFARS Documentation

DFARS 252.204-7012– Requires DoD contractors to report CUI-related cyber incidents toDC3.

DoD Cyber Crime Center (DC3) Website– The official platform forcyber incident reporting.

Final Verification and Conclusion

The correct answer isC. DoD Cyber Crime Center, as perDFARS 252.204-7012, which mandates that all DoD contractors reportCUI breaches to DC3 within 72 hours.

Interview Selection in CMMC Assessments

During aCMMC assessment, theLead Assessormust work with theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)to select personnel for interviews. The goal is to:

✅Verify that personnel understand andperform security-related practices.

✅Ensure that individuals canexplain how they implement CMMC requirements.

✅Gain insight intoactual cybersecurity operationsrather than just documented policies.

The best interviewees are those whodirectly engage with security practicesand canclearly explain how they perform their duties.

Why "Providing Clarity and Understanding" Is Key

CMMC assessmentsrely on interviewsto validate that security practices areimplemented effectively.

Themost valuable intervieweesare those who canexplainhow security measures are appliedin day-to-day operations.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP)emphasizes that assessors should speak tothose actively involved in security practicesrather than just senior management or policy owners.

Thus,option D is the correct choicebecause the Lead Assessor should prioritizeinterviewing personnel who can clearly explain how CMMC practices are implemented.

Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

A. Have a security clearance.

❌Incorrect.Security clearance is not a requirementfor CMMC assessments. The focus is onpractical implementation of security controls, not classified work.

B. Be a senior person in the company.

❌Incorrect. Senior executives may not be involved in theactual implementation of security controls. The best interviewees are those whoperform the work, not just oversee it.

C. Demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.

❌Incorrect. Whileunderstanding CMMC is important, expertise alonedoes not guarantee practical knowledgeof security controls. The key is thatinterviewees must provide clarity on how they perform security tasks.

CMMC Official References

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document– Guides interview selection based on personnel who perform security functions.

NIST SP 800-171 & CMMC 2.0– Emphasize that cybersecurity controls must beactively implemented, not just documented.

Thus,option D (Provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment guidelines.

The Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO) enters into a contractual relationship with the OSC. As part of that contract, the C3PAO maintains a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) to protect sensitive and proprietary information reviewed during the assessment.

Supporting Extracts from Official Content:

CAP v2.0, Roles and Responsibilities (§2.8): “The C3PAO maintains a non-disclosure agreement with the OSC to protect all sensitive information disclosed during the assessment.”

Why Option B is Correct:

Only the C3PAO contracts directly with the OSC and is bound to protect assessment data.

NIST, The Cyber AB (formerly CMMC-AB), and OUSD A&S do not enter NDAs directly with OSCs.

References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v2.0, Section on OSC–C3PAO agreements.

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In the CMMC assessment process, conflicts of interest must be identified early to ensure an impartial and objective evaluation of an organization's compliance with CMMC 2.0 requirements. The appropriate phase for identifying conflicts of interest is during the"Verify Readiness to Conduct Assessment"phase.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

Assessment Planning & Conflict of Interest Consideration

Before an assessment begins, theC3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization)or theDIBCAC (Defense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Assessment Center) for DOD-led assessmentsmust confirm that there are no conflicts of interest between assessors and the organization being assessed.

A conflict of interest may arise if an assessor haspreviously worked for, consulted with, or provided direct assistance tothe organization under review.

CMMC Assessment Process and Phases

The CMMC assessment process involves multiple steps, and the verification of readiness is acritical early phaseto ensure that the assessment is unbiased:

Analyze Requirements:This phase focuses on defining the assessment scope, but it does not include conflict of interest verification.

Develop Assessment Plan:This phase focuses on structuring the assessment methodology, not on identifying conflicts.

Verify Readiness to Conduct Assessment (Correct Answer):

At this stage, theC3PAO or assessment team must review potential conflicts of interest.

TheDefense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Assessment Center (DIBCAC)also ensures assessors do not have any prior relationships that could compromise the objectivity of the evaluation.

Generate Final Recommended Assessment Results:This phase occurs at the end of the process, after the assessment is complete, so conflict of interest identification is too late by this stage.

Official CMMC Documentation & References

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide– The CAP details procedures assessors must follow, including conflict of interest verification.

CMMC 2.0 Scoping and Assessment Guides– Published by the Cyber AB and DoD, these guides reinforce the need for impartiality and independence in assessments.

DoD Instruction 5200.48 (Controlled Unclassified Information Program)– Outlines requirements for ensuring objective cybersecurity assessments.

By ensuring conflicts of interest are identified in the"Verify Readiness to Conduct Assessment"phase, the integrity of the CMMC certification process is maintained, ensuring that assessments are conductedfairly, independently, and in accordance with DoD cybersecurity policies.

UnderDFARS 252.204-7012 (Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber Incident Reporting), if acontractoruses acloud-based serviceto store, process, or transmitControlled Unclassified Information (CUI), the cloud providermustmeet the security requirements ofFedRAMP Moderate or equivalent.

Key Requirements from DFARS 252.204-7012 (c)(1):

CUI stored in the cloud must be protected according to FedRAMP Moderate (or higher) requirements.

The cloud provider must meetFedRAMP Moderate baseline security controls, which align withNIST SP 800-53moderate impact level requirements.

The cloud provider must also ensure compliance withincident reportingandcyber incident response requirementsin DFARS 252.204-7012.

Why is the Correct Answer "FedRAMP Moderate" (B)?

A. FedRAMP Low → Incorrect

FedRAMP Lowis intended for systems withlow confidentiality, integrity, and availability risks, making itinadequate for CUI protection.

B. FedRAMP Moderate → Correct

FedRAMP Moderate is the minimum required level for CUIunder DFARS 252.204-7012.

It provides a security baseline for protectingsensitive but unclassified government data.

C. FedRAMP High → Incorrect

FedRAMP Highapplies to systems handlinghighly sensitive information (e.g., classified or national security data), which is not necessarily required for CUI.

D. FedRAMP Secure → Incorrect

There isno official FedRAMP Secure categoryin FedRAMP guidelines.

CMMC 2.0 References Supporting this Answer:

DFARS 252.204-7012(c)(1)

Specifies thatcontractors using external cloud services for CUI must meet FedRAMP Moderate or equivalent.

CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Requirements

CUI must be protected using NIST SP 800-171 security requirements, whichalign with FedRAMP Moderate controls.

FedRAMP Security Baselines

FedRAMP Moderateis designed for systems that handlesensitive government data, including CUI.

Understanding SC.L2-3.13.14 – Control and Monitor the Use of VoIP Technologies

TheCMMC 2.0 Level 2requirementSC.L2-3.13.14comes fromNIST SP 800-171, Security Requirement 3.13.14, which mandates that organizations mustcontrol and monitor the use of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) technologiesif used within their system boundary.

If a systemdoes not use VoIP technology, then this control isNot Applicable (N/A)because there is nothing to assess.

Why Option D is Correct

When a requirement is marked as Not Applicable (N/A), it means the OSC does not use the technology or process covered by that controlwithin its assessment boundary.

No assessment procedures are neededsince there is no VoIP system to evaluate.

Option A (Existing telephone system in scope)is incorrect becausetraditional (non-VoIP) telephone systems are not covered by SC.L2-3.13.14—only VoIP is within scope.

Option B (Error, contact the Lead Assessor)is incorrect because markingSC.L2-3.13.14 as N/A is valid if VoIP is not used. This is not an error.

Option C (VoIP in scope but using FIPS-validated encryption, so it doesn’t need to be assessed)is incorrect becauseeven if VoIP uses FIPS-validated encryption, the control would still need to be assessed to ensure monitoring and usage control are in place.

Official CMMC Documentation References

CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Guide – SC.L2-3.13.14

NIST SP 800-171, Security Requirement 3.13.14

CMMC Scoping Guidance – Determining Not Applicable (N/A) Practices

Final Verification

IfVoIP is not used within the OSC’s system boundary, the control does not require assessment, making Option D the correct answer.