Pass the NREMT Medical Technicians EMT Questions and answers with Dumpstech

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

After ROSC in an unresponsive patient, the left lateral recumbent position (also called the recovery position) is preferred to:

Maintain an open airway

Prevent aspiration if vomiting occurs

Promote drainage of secretions

Supine or Trendelenburg positions increase the risk of aspiration. Elevating the head to 45° may reduce intracranial pressure, but it’s not standard post-ROSC care in an unresponsive patient unless airway protection is ensured.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Under HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), only designated personnel are authorized to handle inquiries regarding a patient’s Protected Health Information (PHI). The Privacy Officer is responsible for enforcing compliance with privacy regulations and addressing PHI access requests.

Shift supervisors or hospitals do not have the legal authority to release PHI unless specifically designated.

If a patient is responsive, they must have adequate cerebral perfusion, meaning a pulse is present—even if it is difficult to palpate. NREMT guidelines emphasize that EMTs should not assume cardiac arrest based solely on an inability to feel a pulse.

Option C is correct because the EMT should continue the primary assessment, reassessing airway, breathing, and circulation using additional indicators such as skin condition, mental status, and breathing quality.

Option A is incorrect because CPR is only initiated in unresponsive, pulseless patients.

Option B is incorrect because AED use is indicated only for unresponsive, pulseless patients.

Option D may be appropriate later for shock but does not address the assessment discrepancy.

NREMT teaches that patient responsiveness is a reliable indicator of circulation and that EMTs must avoid unnecessary resuscitative interventions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

These symptoms are classic for endometriosis, where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Symptoms often include:

Pelvic pain

Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea)

Painful bowel movements or intercourse

Spontaneous abortion does not apply here due to lack of pregnancy. Premature menopause is rare at this age and presents differently. Infection is less likely in the absence of recent sexual activity or fever.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Hepatitis A is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. It leads to an acute liver infection, not a chronic condition. Unlike Hepatitis C, which has no vaccine, Hepatitis A has an effective vaccine and is preventable with proper hygiene and immunization.

Hepatitis B is spread through blood and sexual contact, not fecal-oral. Hepatitis E is also fecal-oral but is rare in the U.S. and doesn't have a widely used vaccine.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An externally rotated, shortened leg is a classic sign of a proximal femur fracture, specifically a femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture, commonly seen in elderly fall patients. This presentation reflects muscle pull and fracture displacement.

Posterior hip dislocations cause internal rotation.

Pelvic fractures may cause instability but not specific leg rotation/shortening.

Colles' fracture is a distal radius (wrist) injury, unrelated to leg trauma.

The foundation of effective multiple-casualty incident (MCI) management is the Incident Command System (ICS). NREMT teaches that ICS provides clear leadership, communication, accountability, and coordination of resources.

Option D is correct because ICS allows for scalable management, efficient delegation, and integration of multiple agencies.

Option B is important but is a component of ICS, not the core principle.

Option C is a tactical step that occurs within the command structure.

Option A misunderstands ICS, as command is established based on arrival, not rank alone.

NREMT stresses that without ICS, MCIs become chaotic and unsafe, regardless of clinical skill.

This patient presents with severe head trauma, unresponsiveness, hypotension, tachycardia, and apnea (R = 0). NREMT education stresses that apnea following head injury is a critical red flag for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and potential brain herniation.

Option B is correct because brain herniation occurs when swelling or bleeding within the skull forces brain tissue downward, compressing the brainstem. Compression of the brainstem can result in loss of respiratory drive, explaining the absence of respirations. Elderly patients are at increased risk due to cerebral atrophy and fragile bridging veins.

Option A is possible but does not directly explain apnea.

Option C is associated with sudden cardiac arrest after chest impact, not head trauma.

Option D would present with respiratory compromise but not directly from a forehead injury.

NREMT emphasizes rapid airway management, ventilation, spinal precautions, and immediate transport for suspected brain herniation.

In an unresponsive diabetic patient, EMTs must rapidly determine whether the cause is hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) or hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) because immediate management priorities differ. According to NREMT education, skin signs are the most reliable and quickly observable indicator when a blood glucose reading is not immediately available.

Hypoglycemia typically presents with cool, pale, and diaphoretic skin due to a sympathetic nervous system response. In contrast, hyperglycemia often presents with warm, dry skin, reflecting dehydration and lack of insulin-mediated glucose uptake.

Option D is correct because skin color and condition provide the most useful differentiation in the field.

Option A may help identify diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respirations) but is not the most consistent finding.

Option B is unreliable and nonspecific.

Option C may vary but does not clearly distinguish between the two conditions.

NREMT emphasizes treating unresponsive diabetics as hypoglycemic until proven otherwise, while using skin findings to guide clinical suspicion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

This is a classic presentation of hypovolemic shock due to traumatic blood loss (open femur fracture, pelvic instability). Indicators include:

Low BP (86/42) = hypotension

High pulse (P 136) = compensation

Mental status decline (responsive only to voice) = indicates decompensated shock

Obstructive and distributive shock are not applicable. Compensated shock would show normal BP and alert mental status.