WGU Certification Exams Pack
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- Exam Name: WGU Introduction to Cryptography HNO1
- 60 Questions Answers with Explanation Detail
- Total Questions: 60 Q&A's
- Single Choice Questions: 60 Q&A's
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(Which component is used to verify the integrity of a message?)
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B
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Explanation
HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) is a standard mechanism used to verify both integrity and authenticity of a message when two parties share a secret key. It combines a cryptographic hash function (such as SHA-256) with a secret key in a structured way that resists common attacks on naïve keyed-hash constructions. The sender computes an HMAC tag over the message and transmits the message plus tag. The receiver recomputes the HMAC using the same shared secret key and compares the result; if the tag matches, the receiver can be confident the message was not modified in transit and that it came from someone who knows the shared key. AES is an encryption algorithm primarily providing confidentiality; it can provide integrity only when used in authenticated modes (e.g., GCM) but “AES” alone is not the integrity component. An IV helps randomize encryption but does not validate integrity. TKIP is a legacy WLAN protocol component, not the general integrity verifier. Therefore, the correct component for verifying message integrity among the options is HMAC. |
(Which authentication method allows a customer to authenticate to a web service?)
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D
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Explanation
One-way client authentication is the method where the client (customer) proves its identity to the server (web service). In cryptographic terms, this is commonly implemented through client credentials such as client TLS certificates (mTLS from the server’s perspective) or through authentication protocols layered over TLS (for example, signed tokens), but the defining direction is that the client is the party being authenticated. In a strict TLS certificate-authentication framing, client authentication occurs when the server requests a client certificate during the handshake and the client demonstrates possession of the corresponding private key (via signature in handshake messages). The server then validates the client certificate chain and authorization policy. One-way server authentication, by contrast, authenticates only the server to the client and does not identify the customer. Mutual authentication authenticates both sides simultaneously; while it includes client authentication, it is broader than what the question asks. “End-to-end authentication” describes assurance between endpoints across intermediaries, but it is not the specific “customer authenticates to service” method in certificate-based terminology. Therefore, the best answer is one-way client authentication. |
(Which mode of encryption uses an Initialization Vector (IV) to encrypt the first block and then uses the result to encrypt the next block?)
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B
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Explanation
CBC mode introduces dependency between blocks to prevent the pattern leakage seen in ECB. It starts with a random (or unpredictable) IV for the first block. Before encrypting block 1, CBC XORs plaintext block 1 with the IV, then encrypts the result. For block 2 and onward, CBC XORs each plaintext block with the previous ciphertext block before encryption. This chaining means that changing one plaintext block affects that block’s ciphertext and also influences the next block’s computation. The IV ensures that encrypting the same message twice under the same key produces different ciphertexts (assuming a fresh IV). Option A (ECB) has no IV or chaining. OFB and CFB are feedback modes that effectively generate a keystream; they do use an IV, but the “uses the result to encrypt the next block” wording most directly matches CBC’s ciphertext-chaining description in standard teaching. CBC still requires integrity protection (e.g., HMAC or an AEAD mode) because it can be malleable without authentication. Therefore, the correct mode is Cipher Block Chaining (CBC). |
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Find answers to the most common questions about the WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography exam, including what it is, how to prepare, and how it can boost your career.
The WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography certification is a globally-acknowledged credential that is awarded to candidates who pass this certification exam by obtaining the required passing score. This credential attests and validates the candidates' knowledge and hands-on skills in domains covered in the WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography certification syllabus. The WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography certified professionals with their verified proficiency and expertise are trusted and welcomed by hiring managers all over the world to perform leading roles in organizations. The success in WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography certification exam can be ensured only with a combination of clear knowledge on all exam domains and securing the required practical training. Like any other credential, WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography certification may require periodic renewal to stay current with new innovations in the concerned domains.