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Exhibit
You are asked to configure VLAN load balancing on your network using MSTP. Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
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B, D
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Explanation
The exhibit shows the MSTP configuration for two switches,switch1andswitch2. MSTP allows you to group multiple VLANs into a single Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI), enabling different root bridges and topologies for different sets of VLANs. Root Bridge Election (Option B):For any Spanning Tree instance, the switch with thelowest bridge priorityis elected as the root bridge. Formsti 2, switch1 has a priority of4k(4096), while switch2 has a priority of8k(8192). Since 4096 < 8192,switch1 is elected the root bridge for msti 2. Failover Behavior (Option D):Spanning Tree is designed for redundancy. If a primary root bridge fails, the remaining switches in the network re-elect a new root based on the next lowest priority. Ifswitch2goes down, switch1 becomes the only switch in the region. Regardless of its original priority (4k or 8k), switch1 will take over as theroot bridge for both msti 1 and msti 2because there are no other contenders with a better (lower) priority. Incorrect Statements:Option Ais incorrect because for msti 1, switch2 has the lower priority (4k vs. 8k), making switch2 the root bridge.Option Cis incorrect because it contradicts the fundamental high-availability nature of Spanning Tree. |
Which two statements are correct about multicast routing tables? (Choose two.)
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A, C
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Explanation
Junos OS uses specific routing tables for handling multicast traffic to ensure loop prevention through Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) checks: Multicast RPF (Option C):Theinet.0table is the default unicast routing table. In most standard multicast deployments, Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) performs itsRPF checksagainst this table to determine the upstream interface toward the multicast source. Topology Differences (Option A):Theinet.2table is specifically designed for multicast RPF lookups when themulticast forwarding topology differsfrom the unicast forwarding topology. This is common in environments using Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) where you might want multicast traffic to follow a different path than standard data traffic. inet.1 Role (Option B):Theinet.1table is themulticast forwarding cache. It stores (S,G) and (*,G) entries for actual packet forwarding. Routing protocols like MBGP or IS-IS do not place routesdirectlyinto inet.1; instead, PIM uses information from inet.0 or inet.2 to populate inet.1. IS-IS and OSPFv3 (Option D):These protocols place their IPv4/IPv6 unicast routes into inet.0 or inet6.0. They do not place routes into inet.2 "directly" unless specific RIB-group configurations or address families are enabled to share those routes for multicast RPF purposes. |
Exhibit
You need to configure the non-RP routers in your network to dynamically learn the location of the RP using standard protocols only. You have already applied the configuration shown in the exhibit, but the routers have not learned the location of the RP.
Which additional step must you take to fulfill these requirements?
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B
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Explanation
The exhibit shows a multicast network runningPIM Sparse Modewhere R2 is configured as a localRendezvous Point (RP). However, the non-RP routers (like R5) show no learned RP in their show pim rps output. To resolve this usingstandard protocolsfor dynamic RP discovery, you must implement a mechanism that automates the distribution of RP information across the PIM domain. Bootstrap Router (BSR) (Option B):BSR is the industry-standard (RFC 5059) mechanism for dynamically electing an RP and distributing that information throughout a PIM-SM domain. It uses two roles:Candidate-RPs (C-RPs), which announce their desire to be an RP, andCandidate-BSRs (C-BSRs), which collect these announcements and flood them to all other routers in the network via PIM bootstrap messages. BSR is a "standard protocol" as it is part of the PIMv2 specification. Once configured on R2 (as C-RP) and potentially R1 or R2 (as C-BSR), all other routers will dynamically learn that R2 is the RP for the specified group ranges. Auto-RP (Option D):While this also provides dynamic RP discovery, it is aproprietaryCisco protocol. Although Junos supports it for interoperability, the question specifically asks for "standard protocols only," making BSR the preferred choice. MSDP (Option A):Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) is used to share information about active sources betweendifferentPIM domains or for Anycast-RP. It does not handle the initial discovery of an RP within a single domain for standard PIM-SM operations. Anycast RP (Option C):This is a technique used for RP redundancy and load balancing. While it can use BSR or MSDP for synchronization, it is a design architecture rather than a standalone "standard protocol" for the basic dynamic discovery of an RP in the manner requested here. Configuration Example for BSR in Junos OS 24.4:To enable this, you would add the following to the RP (R2): set protocols pim rp bootstrap-discovery set protocols pim rp candidate-rp 10.222.1.2 group-ranges 224.0.0.0/4 set protocols pim rp candidate-bsr 10.222.1.2 |
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Find answers to the most common questions about the Juniper JN0-650 exam, including what it is, how to prepare, and how it can boost your career.
The Juniper JN0-650 certification is a globally-acknowledged credential that is awarded to candidates who pass this certification exam by obtaining the required passing score. This credential attests and validates the candidates' knowledge and hands-on skills in domains covered in the Juniper JN0-650 certification syllabus. The Juniper JN0-650 certified professionals with their verified proficiency and expertise are trusted and welcomed by hiring managers all over the world to perform leading roles in organizations. The success in Juniper JN0-650 certification exam can be ensured only with a combination of clear knowledge on all exam domains and securing the required practical training. Like any other credential, Juniper JN0-650 certification may require periodic renewal to stay current with new innovations in the concerned domains.